Present Perfect VS Present Perfect Continuous
PRESENT PERFECT
факт, завершённое действие
We’ve looked for this holiday for ages.
He’s broken his finger and is in a lot of pain.
The workers have called for management to begin negotiations on pay (призвали, потребовали)
He has played for the national team in 65 matches so far (Он сыграл за национальную сборную… )
Prices have increased by 7% (Цены выросли…)
Prices have decreased recently (Цены снизились в последнее время)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
действие в процессе
We’ve been looking for this holiday for ages.
He’s been playing football all afternoon and needs a shower.
The workers have been calling for the chairman’s resignation (требовали, возможно, и сейчас продолжают (долго, продолжительное время)
Joseph has been kicking a football against the wall all day
(…футболит/футболил мяч в стену целый день…)
Prices have been decreasing recently (Цены снижаются в последнее время)
Present Perfect Continuous предпочтительнее, когда мы делаем вывод из того, что видим или слышим:
Who’s been messing around with my papers? They’re all over the place.
You’ve been eating chocolate, haven’t you? There’s some on your shirt.
Live и work могут употребляться в Present Perfect ИЛИ Present Perfect Continuous:
We’ve been living here since 1992 = We’ve lived here since 1992.
She has been working for the company for three years now = She has worked for the company for three years now.
How many / much (Present Perfect)
Rachel has played at least 20 CDs.
I’ve ironed ten shirts.
How many driving lessons have you had?
How long (Present Perfect Continuous)
Rachel has been playing music all day.
I’ve been ironing shirts since ten o’clock.
How long have you been learning to drive?
Обычно, группа Continuous не употребляется со статичными глаголами (описывающими НЕ действие, А состояние):
Cтатичные глаголы:
1. ментальные
– мысли и мнения (agree, believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, mean, recognize, remember, suspect, think, understand)
– чувства и эмоции (dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish)
– восприятие (appear, be, feel, hear, look, see, seem, smell, taste)
2. владеть (belong, have, possess, own)
3. измерять (measure, weigh)
I believe you now (NOT I’m believing you now)
Right now, I prefer books to films (NOT … I’m preferring…)
I now conclude that they never intended to return (NOT … I’m concluding…)
НО
Некоторые статичные глаголы (find, realize, regret, think, understand, appear, doubt, feel, guess, hear, imagine, look, measure, remember, smell, weigh, wish, taste, see) используются в Simple ИЛИ Continuous, в зависимости от контекста:
I regret that the company will have to be sold (“сожалею” как факт=не рассматривается как процесс)
I’m regretting my decision to give her the job (“сожалею” как процесс=сейчас уже сожалею, не перестаю сожалеть)
Ещё примеры:
ACTION
Madonna is currently appearing in a musical on Broadway.
ИЛИ
She often appears in musicals (activity: take part)
I’m thinking about going to Canada next year.
ИЛИ
Your trouble is, you think too much (activity: consider)
We’re seeing the Browns tomorrow afternoon (activity: we’re meeting them)
Look! The chef is tasting the wine (activity: tasting the wine)
STATE
The new treatment for influenza doesn’t appear to work (state: seem)
Do you think it’s a good idea? (state: opinion)
Do you see any problems with that? (state: opinion)
This coffee tastes delicious (state: our perception of the coffee)